Mental disorders are a leading cause of disease burden worldwide, with anxiety disorders being the second most influential contributor, after depressive disorders, to global disability-adjusted life-years. Anxiety disorders are characterized by anxious mood and, often, phobic avoidance, which result in extreme distress, functional impairment, or both. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5) recognizes the following types of anxiety disorders likely to be seen in adults: generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobias, substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder, and anxiety disorder due to another medical condition. The latter 2 instances of anxiety are caused by identifiable and, mostly, treatable sources and should be considered “rule-outs” before concluding that one of the other anxiety disorders is present.
Source: JAMA Online First
This systematic review to support the 2023 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on anxiety screening summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for, and treatment of, anxiety among primary care patients.
Source: JAMA Online First
This JAMA Patient Page describes the pros and cons of screening for anxiety disorders in adults.
Source: JAMA Online First
This 2023 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for anxiety disorders in adults, including pregnant and postpartum persons (B recommendation), and concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for anxiety disorders in older adults (I statement).
Source: JAMA Online First
This article summarizes the 2023 updated ARDS guidelines from the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, including the guidelines’ methods, findings, and implications, along with reflections on next steps.
Source: JAMA Online First
This Viewpoint discusses the health harms to individuals and communities because of mass incarceration in the US and proposes interventions to ensure health equity for all individuals.
Source: JAMA Online First
This Viewpoint examines some of the missteps during the COVID-19 pandemic to protect health care workers and how to use lessons from those mistakes for future pandemics.
Source: JAMA Online First
There has been a concerted effort over the past 2 decades to improve sepsis outcomes by enhancing recognition of sepsis and decreasing the time to administration of appropriate antibiotics. Sepsis mortality rates remain high, however, and the increasing use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may accelerate the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A tantalizing goal is to identify strategies for antibiotic use that can simultaneously improve patient outcomes and decrease antibiotic resistance.
Source: JAMA Online First
This randomized clinical trial compares the effect of continuous administration of meropenem vs intermittent administration on a composite outcome of mortality and emergence of pandrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant bacteria in critically ill patients with sepsis.
Source: JAMA Online First
This study assesses the diagnostic accuracy of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) artificial intelligence (AI) model in a series of challenging cases.
Source: JAMA Online First