LAURA H. CYPHERS

The Viewpoint titled “Cannabis Use and Perinatal Health Research,” published August 17, 2023, was updated to include funding grants and the Role of the Funder/Sponsor statement. This article was corrected online.
Source: JAMA Online First

This Viewpoint discusses potential shifts in teaching and learning for undergraduate medical education with the advent of artificial intelligence tools.
Source: JAMA Online First

This Viewpoint addresses the state of COVID-19 as of fall 2023 in the US and summarizes key clinical information for health care professionals and patients.
Source: JAMA Online First

This follow-up study of a randomized clinical trial examines the effect of minimally invasive surfactant therapy, surfactant administration via a thin catheter, on death or neurodevelopmental disability at 2 years’ corrected age.
Source: JAMA Online First

In this issue of JAMA, Kum and colleagues report the results of a high-quality systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis that evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of gefapixant for the treatment of adults with refractory or unexplained chronic cough. Gefapixant, a P2X3 receptor antagonist that blocks the adenosine triphosphate–gated ion channel on chemically sensitive airway C-fibers, has the potential to decrease cough by reducing activation of airway C-fibers that transmit action potentials to the brain. Kum et al rated their certainty as to whether patients would perceive the treatment effects as important by comparing their results with the minimal important difference (MID) of the outcome measures that have been reported in the literature as well as surveying a small number (n = 5) of their own patients with refractory or unexplained chronic coughs for MIDs related to adverse effects. The MID is the smallest difference in scores of an outcome measure perceived by patients as beneficial or harmful and which would lead a clinician to consider a change in treatment.
Source: JAMA Online First

This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and tolerability of gefapixant, a new P2X3 antagonist, for the treatment of adults with refractory or unexplained chronic cough.
Source: JAMA Online First

In 1953, aldosterone, then termed electrocortin, was first isolated and characterized by James and Sylvia Tait in London. A year later, Jerome Conn described the first case of primary aldosteronism, the clinical symptoms of which were resolved by resection of an aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma. The first effective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA), spironolactone, soon followed in 1957. However, dose- and time-dependent antiandrogenic and progestogenic adverse effects of spironolactone, resulting in painful gynecomastia in men and menstrual dysfunction in women, soon became apparent and limited its use. A search for more selective MRAs resulted in the launch early this century of eplerenone, which is a more selective but less potent aldosterone receptor antagonist.
Source: JAMA Online First

This randomized clinical trial assesses the effect of 5 dosages of lorundrostat treatment vs placebo on 8-week systolic blood pressure change among adults with uncontrolled hypertension.
Source: JAMA Online First

This longitudinal study of young children in 5 European countries investigates whether there is a temporal association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and islet autoimmunity when children are most susceptible.
Source: JAMA Online First

In this Viewpoint, Kesselheim and coauthors discuss 2 bills in Congress that would curtail Medicare’s ability to decline, limit, or conditionally cover medical products that lack robust evidence and argue that officials should distinguish between better and worse therapies when determining reimbursement.
Source: JAMA Online First